KMID : 1161420160190121147
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Journal of Medicinal Food 2016 Volume.19 No. 12 p.1147 ~ p.1154
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Characterization of Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide Isolated from Fermented Brown Rice
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Lee Dae-Young
Shin Myoung-Sook Shin Kwang-Soon
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Abstract
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Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. In this study, a polysaccharide, FBR-4a, was isolated from fermented brown rice and its chemical composition was analyzed. In addition, its immune-stimulating activity was determined using RAW264.7 cells. FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-¥á) in RAW264.7 cells. Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-¥êB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. FBR-4a-induced IL-6 and NO production was completely suppressed by I¥êB¥á and JNK inhibition, but not by ERK and p38 inhibition. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of c-Jun was also suppressed by I¥êB¥á and JNK inhibition. These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through I¥êB¥á and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production.
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KEYWORD
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brown rice, FBR-4a, immunomodulatory agent, NF-¥êB signaling pathway, JNK signaling pathway
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